Shamanism and Psychology in Ancient Greece and India

This book offers a historical introduction to psychology. It investigates the evolutionary origins of our capacity to practice psychology, including the necessary social conditions and the specialised language involved. It then turns to two cultural containers in which it first emerged, those of ancient Greece and ancient India. This is the second book in a new series, which presents the emergence of Western psychology in a global context.

The author begins by building a bridge between evolutionary psychology and the history of psychology. From one side, this bridge is an evolutionary account of human culture. From the other, it is a narrative of human evolution using the latest fossil and genetic evidence. Finally, linguistics and anthropology link the appearance of our species with the emergence of ancient psychologies. Central to this is the role of the shaman-figure in all ancient cultures, which is connected to the origins of psychological language. The key words ‘psyche’ (mind, conscious and unconscious) and ‘logos’ (talk, discourse, reason) will find their permanent meanings in Greece before they are combined to form ‘psychology’ in Plato. Parallel terms in India such as ‘atman’ (the universal self) and ‘manas’ (mind) also find their range of meanings. Ancient Europe and ancient India, two wings of the Indo-European world, are introduced as distinct cultures related by language, each developing distinct psychological traditions. Descriptions and explanations of mental phenomena are traced from Homer to Plato, and in India from the Vedas to the Upanishads. In each case these are related to the competing ‘psychologies’ of religious cults as manifestations of shamanism, leading to the birth of world psychologies. Presented in an accessible manner, this is an excellent resource for students and teachers of psychology, philosophy, history, linguistics, archaeology, and anthropology, as well as general readers who want to learn more about the origins of psychology on a global stage.

This title follows on from The Global Origins of Psychology: Neurology, Language and Culture in the Ancient World. It applies the same framework to the Indo-European world.