Europe Tested by Crises

The integration project of the European Union has not progressed much beyond its economic successes, and the original idea of a political union has drifted far away following the crises of the past decade. With Russia's aggression against Ukraine, a crisis has emerged that poses enormous internal and external challenges to Europe, requiring a reassessment of the geopolitical and economic conditions of the European Union. For the 2nd edition, the contents have been revised and updated accordingly. New are the two chapters on the Ukraine war and on its influence on the European Union's efforts to address the energy crisis and climate change. Content - Crises shape Europe - COVID-19 exposes many weaknesses of the EU - Europe in ruins - seeking a new identity - Long-term crisis: climate change The Author Univ.-Doz. Dr. Heinz Handler is an Emeritus Consultant at the Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO) and Deputy Chairman of the Vienna-based think tank "Policy Crossover Center Vienna-Europe". The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.