Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte. Band 56

Abstracts Michael Zichy: »Menschenbild«. Begriffsgeschichtliche Anmerkungen The German term >Menschenbild<, which,="" in="" its="" modern="" sense,="" might="" be="" translated="" as="" (public)="" understanding="" of="" human="" nature,="" is="" very="" popular="" both="" in="" public="" and="" in="" academic="" discourse.="" there="" is="" widespread="" consensus="" that="">Menschenbilder< are="" fundamental="" to="" human="" selfunderstanding="" and="" the="" organisation="" of="" society.="" this="" paper="" examines="" the="" history="" of="" this="" concept="" and="" follows="" the="" multiple="" changes="" of="" its="" meaning="" that="" have="" occurred="" between="" the="" middle="" ages="" and="" today.="" stephan="" zimmermann:="" reflexion="" und="" freies="" spiel.="" kants="" »schlüssel="" zur="" kritik="" des="" geschmacks«="" as="" the="" »key="" to="" the="" critique="" of="" taste«="" in="" §9="" of="" his="" critique="" of="" judgement="" kant="" offers="" the="" well-known="" doctrine="" of="" a="" »free="" play="" of="" the="" cognitive="" faculties«.="" what="" exactly="" this="" play="" consists="" in="" is="" still="" much="" discussed="" in="" the="" literature.="" kant="" describes="" it="" as="" a="" state="" of="" harmony="" between="" imagination="" and="" understanding,="" for="" which="" the="" reflecting="" judgement,="" which="" mediates="" between="" the="" two,="" is="" responsible.="" this="" paper="" turns="" against="" the="" popular="" interpretation="" that="" considers="" »free="" play«="" as="" an="" exceptional="" state="" of="" the="" mind="" in="" which="" the="" said="" faculties="" are="" relieved="" from="" their="" actual="" cognitive="" activity.="" this="" view,="" however,="" creates="" a="" number="" of="" inconsistencies.="" above="" all,="" kant="" explicitly="" speaks="" against="" it.="" the="" paper="" therefore="" argues="" for="" an="" alternative="" reading="" that="" is="" able="" to="" take="" these="" objections="" into="" account.="" kay="" herrmann:="" das="" apriori,="" seine="" geltung="" und="" entdeckung="" -="" ein="" rekonstruktionsversuch="" the="" problem="" of="" synthetic="" judgments="" touches="" upon="" the="" question="" whether="" philosophy="" is="" in="" fact="" capable="" of="" making="" independent="" truth="" statements.="" according="" to="" kant,="" synthetic="" judgments="" formulate="" the="" conditions="" for="" the="" possibility="" of="" objectively="" valid="" knowledge="" a="" priori.="" as="" far="" as="" empirical="" attempts="" at="" reinterpretation="" of="" the="" aprioristic="" fall="" short="" of="" this="" ambition,="" kant's="" a="" priori="" goes="" deeper.="" this="" is="" because="" modern="" science="" strives="" towards="" objective="" knowledge,="" although="" its="" statements="" are="" fundamentally="" fallible.="" the="" topic="" of="" synthetic="" a="" priori="" thus="" continues="" to="" be="" relevant.="" this="" paper="" will="" show="" that,="" in="" order="" to="" be="" viable="" at="" all,="" a="" modernized="" version="" of="" transcendental="" philosophy="" must="">depart from< the="" concepts="" of="" »independence="" from="" empirics«="" and/or="" the="" »purity«="" of="" the="" aprioristic.="" kant's="" reflections="" on="" nonpure="" synthetic="" a="" priori="" knowledge="" already="" contain="" attempts="" at="" this.="" furthermore,="" the="" aprioristic="" validity="" of="" knowledge="" does="" not="" exclude="" the="" possibility,="" that="" it="" can="" be="" discovered="" empirically.="" fries="" and,="" subsequently,="" nelson="" proceeded="" with="" this="" separation="" (initially="" ascribed="" to="" reichenbach)="" between="" the="" contexts="" of="" validity="" and="" discovery="" of="" knowledge,="" pointing="" out="" that="" the="" a="" priori="" can="" indeed="" be="" discovered="" empirically,="" yet="" never="" be="" proven.="" currently,="" there="" are="" still="" a="" number="" of="" valid="" reasons="" for="" arguing="" that="" concepts="" from="" transcendental="" philosophy="" (space,="" time,="" substance,="" causality,="" freedom="" and="" the="" distinction="" between="" the="" noumenal="" and="" phenomenal="" worlds)="" continue="" to="" be="" of="" fundamental="" importance="" for="" the="" modern="" sciences.="" however,="" it="" must="" not="" be="" neglected="" that,="" even="" within="" a="" modernized="" framework="" of="" transcendental="" philosophy="" various="" unsolved="" problems="" remain="" and/or="" are="" created="" (such="" as="" the="" unfeasibility="" of="" the="" aprioristic="" claim="" to="" general="" validity="" and="" necessity,="" the="" problem="" of="" drawing="" a="" clear="" boundary="" between="" the="" noumenal="" and="" phenomenal="" worlds).="" moreover,="" the="" »beautiful="" structure«="" of="" the="" kantian="" system,="" which="" constitutes="" much="" of="" its="" persuasive="" strength,="" is="" lost.="" gisela="" schlüter:="" was="" ist="" scheu?="" zur="" wort-/begriffsgeschichte="" und="" zu="" einem="" essay="" joseph="" jouberts="" (1815)="">ShameScham< has="" recently="" been="" dealt="" with="" in="" diverse="" contexts.="" this="" paper="" focuses="" on="">shynessScheu<=>Schamhaftigkeitpudeur< corresponding="" to="">aidos< and="">verecundia<, retracing="" the="" history="" of="" the="" concept="" in="" german,="" french,="" italian,="" and="" english="">